Room Temperature and Superconducting Linac

Paper	Title	Page
PO04	The Darmstadt Multi-Frequency Digital Low Level RF System in Pulsed Application	58
	R. Eichhorn, U. Bonnes, C. Burandt, M. Konrad, P.N. Nonn TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany G. Schreiber, W. Vinzenz GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Funding: Work supported by DFG through CRC 634 and by the BMBF under 06 DA 9024 I Triggered by the need to control the superconducting cavities of the S-DALINAC, the development of a digital low level RF control system was started several years ago. The chosen design proved to be very flexible since other frequencies than the original 3 GHz may be adapted easily: The system converts the RF signal coming from the cavity (e. g. 3 GHz) down to the base band using a hardware I/Q demodulator. The base band signals are digitized by ADCs and fed into a FPGA where the control algorithm is implemented. The resulting signals are I/Q modulated before they are sent back to the cavity. Meanwhile, this system has been successfully operated on 3 GHz, 6 GHz and 325 MHz cavities, on normal and superconducting cavities as well as in cw or pulsed mode. This contribution will focus on the 325 MHz version built to control a pulsed prototype test stand for the p-LINAC at FAIR and possible extensions to even lower frequencies. We will present the architecture of the RF control system as well as results obtained during operation.
PO05	Control and Information System for BARC – TIFR Superconducting LINAC Booster	62
	S. Singh BARC, Mumbai, India J.N. Karande, V. Nanal, R.G. Pillay TIFR, Mumbai, India P. Singh LEHIPA Project, Physics Group, Mumbai, India
	Superconducting LINAC booster is modular machine which consists of 7 cryomodules each consisting four quarter wave resonators and one superbuncher module. The control system is a mixed distributed control system. Geometrical distributed system architecture has been followed for RF control. RF control has four local nodes( RF LCS) each nodes catering to two cryostat. Two additional nodes are made for beam line system and cryogenics distribution system, making it a systematic distribution system. The system is developed on Linux operating system but the software is portable on Linux and Microsoft windows. The software is developed in two layers namely scanner and operator interface. Scanners interacts with the interface hardware. All scanners are developed in JAVA , which is very challenging job looking towards the feature of JAVA. Various issues regarding this were closely investigated and solved to overcome the deficiency of JAVA .A micro-controller based board has been developed for cryogenics line distribution system. Different subsystems of the control system has been developed independently. A complete integration of the system will be completed before Dec 2012.
PO06	Extension of Superconducting LINAC Operation to Lighter Beams	65
	V. Nanal, R.D. Deshpande, P. Dhumal, J.N. Karande, R. Palit, R.G. Pillay, M.S. Pose, S.M. Powale, C. Rozario, S.K. Sarkar, M.E. Sawant, A.A. Shinde, S.R. Sinha, A.N. Takke TIFR, Mumbai, India S. Singh LEHIPA Project, Physics Group, Mumbai, India
	The superconducting LINAC booster at Pelletron Linac Facility(Mumbai), has been fully operational since July 2007. The Liquid Helium Refrigeration plant for the LINAC has been upgraded to enhance the refrigeration capacity to ~450 Watts at 4.5K without LN2 pre-cool, from the earlier capacity of ~300 Watts. All beam lines in new user halls have been commissioned and new experimental setups have been added. Several experiments have been carried out using beams of 12C, 16O, 19F, 28Si, 31P. The QWR cavity is designed for β=0.1 and hence it is difficult to accelerate lighter beams. Due to growing interest in studying Li induced reactions on fissile targets at energies higher than 55 MeV, we have recently accelerated Li beam using four cryostat modules. Starting with 40 MeV Li beam from the pelletron, 56 MeV beam was successfully delivered at target station for a test experiment.
TUA02	A Cost-Effective Energy Upgrade of the ALPI Linac at INFN-Legnaro	106
	G. Bisoffi, M. Comunian, A. Facco, A. Galatà, P. Modanese, R. Pengo, A. Pisent, A.M. Porcellato, S. Stark INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy B.B. Chalykh ITEP, Moscow, Russia
	The ALPI SC linac at INFN-LNL is being constantly upgraded in terms of maximum beam energy (Ef) and current, made available for experiments. Presently, a liquid-N cooling scheme is being applied to the RF power couplers of the 16 full Nb resonators, to keep them locked at 5 MV/m, vs. present 3 MV/m. A further upgrade of the 44 “medium beta section” cavities, changing the cavity Cu substrates, was prototyped and is reported at this conference: however it is not fully funded yet and is extremely time-consuming. A cost-effective Ef upgrade is proposed here: to move 2 SC buncher cryostats, which house a single working SC QWR but were designed for 4, at the end of ALPI, equipping them with 4 Nb/Cu QWRs each (new bunchers would either be NC QWRs or a single SC cavity cryostat). The contribution of these cryostats to Ef would be extremely effective: e.g. a Ef~10 MeV/A (Ibeam≥ 1 pnA) Pb beam, a very attractive tool for the Nuclear Physics community, is achievable. A being performed upgrade of ALPI cryoplant, expected to increase the refrigeration capability by ~25%, makes this change possible today. Details of this solutions, as well as its limits, will be presented and discussed
	Slides TUA02 [3.722 MB]
TUA03	The Compact Pulsed Hadron Source Status*	112
	X. Guan TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Abstract The Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) at the Tsinghua University in Beijing, China has been reported in this paper. CPHS consists of a proton linac, a neutron target station, and a small-angle neutron scattering instrument, a neutron imaging/radiology station, and a proton irradiation station. The proton linac accelerator part is composed of a ECR ion source. LEBT section, a RFQ accelerator, a DTL linac and a HEBT. A 3 meters long of RFQ machine can accelerate the proton to 3MeV. No MEBT will be requirement in this project. The Drift Tube Linac with permanent magnets focusing lens will accept the proton beam direct from RFQ. A 4.3 meters length of DTL will accelerate the beam up to 13MeV. The HEBT section will transport the proton beam from output of DTL to the center of MTR. Up to now, the IS/LEBT and the RFQ heve ready. The first phase of the CPHS construction is scheduled to complete 3MeV proton beam on the target in the middle of 2012. *Work supported by the “985 Project” of the Ministry of Education of China, **[email protected]
	Slides TUA03 [3.998 MB]
TUB04	LINAC Experience In The First Two Years of Operation @ CNAO (Centro Nazionale Adroterapia Oncologica)	129
	S. Vitulli, E. Vacchieri CNAO Foundation, Milan, Italy A. Reiter, B. Schlitt GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	CNAO is the first medical accelerator facility for deep hadrontherapy with C6+ and H3+ in Italy. The LINAC device at CNAO include a RFQ structure accelerating up to 400 keV/u and an IH structure works up to 7 MeV/u. Such LINAC works as injector in a 78 m circumference synchrotron where the beam reaches up to 400 MeV/u. The LINAC commissioning was performed during 2009 and from beginning of 2011, it entered into routine and continuous operation. First patient was treated in September 2011. The principal LINAC parameters are daily monitored, like output energy (by means of online not destructive ToF measurements), cavities voltage, cavities RF forward power, beam current transmission. No major faults were observed in the first two years of operation. LINAC beam is stable within an error of ±0.02 MeV/u. The relation between LINAC extraction and synchrotron injection is under investigation. This paper summarizes the monitoring issues (i.e. reproducibility of settings and beam parameters as well as long term stability measures) on the CNAO LINAC during daily patient treatments and outlines the measurements performed in the initial commissioning compared within actual status.
WEC03	The SC CW LINAC Demonstrator – 1st Test of an SC CH-cavity with Heavy Ions	182
	S. Mickat, L.A. Dahl GSI, Darmstadt, Germany M. Amberg, K. Aulenbacher, W.A. Barth, V. Gettmann, S. Mickat HIM, Mainz, Germany D. Bänsch, F.D. Dziuba, D. Mäder, H. Podlech, U. Ratzinger, R. Tiede IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The superconducting (sc) continuous wave (cw) LINAC Demonstrator is a collaboration project between GSI, the Helmholtz Institute Mainz (HIM), and the Institute for Applied Physics (IAP) at the Goethe University Frankfurt. The aim is a full performance test of a 217 MHz sc Crossbar H-mode (CH) cavity, which provides gradients of 5.1 MV/m at a total length of 0.69 m. In addition the Demonstrator comprises two 9.3 Tesla sc solenoids. The configuration of a CH-cavity embedded by two sc solenoids is taken from a conceptual layout of a new sc cw LINACwith nine CH-cavities and seven solenoids. Such an accelerator is highly desired by a broad community of users requesting heavy ion beam energies in the Coulomb barrier range. A successful test of such an sc multigap structure are an important milestone towards the proposed cw-LINAC.
	Slides WEC03 [1.842 MB]
WEC04	Operation of Superconducting Linac and Commissioning of the Last Linac at IUAC Delhi	185
	S. Ghosh, R. Ahuja, J. Antony, S. Babu, J. Chacko, A. Choudhury, G.K. Chowdhury, T.S. Datta, R.N. Dutt, R. Joshi, D. Kanjilal, S. Kar, J. Karmakar, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, D.S. Mathuria, K.K. Mistri, A. Pandey, P. Patra, P.N. Prakash, A. Rai, A. Roy, J. Sacharias, B.K. Sahu, A. Sarkar, S.S. Sonti IUAC, New Delhi, India
	The major part of the superconducting linac at IUAC has been operational for the past few years and the last accelerating module is in the final stage of completion. The full linac system consists of five cryostats, housing a total of twenty seven niobium quarter wave resonators. At present, the Superbuncher, the first two linac accelerating modules and the Rebuncher are operational and ion beams in the mass range 12C to 107Ag from Pelletron accelerator have been further accelerated and delivered to conduct experiments. A method of random phase focusing to select the accelerating phase of the resonators between 70° and 110° has been successfully tried to reduce the final time width of the beam bunch. Presently, to improve the accelerating fields of the linac resonators in phase locked condition, efforts are dedicated towards improvement of the cooling efficiency of the drive coupler, enhancement of the microphonics damping efficiency with mixtures of SS-balls and testing of an alternate tuning mechanism based by Piezo Crystal. The beam acceleration through the complete linac is to be performed by end of the summer of 2012.
	Slides WEC04 [2.810 MB]
WEC05	Design Studies for a New Heavy Ion Injector Linac for FAIR	191
	B. Schlitt, W.A. Barth, G. Clemente, W. Vinzenz GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	As the GSI UNILAC started operation in 1975, it will be more than 40 years old when the commissioning of the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI will start. To assure reliable operation for FAIR and to provide beams for a variety of experiments, three separate linacs are proposed: 1.) A new superconducting cw heavy-ion linac behind the upgraded high charge state injector HLI shall provide ion beams with high duty cycle and adjustable energy in the MeV/u region for the super-heavy element program as well as for further UNILAC experiments. 2.) A dedicated 70 MeV proton linac will serve as injector for the FAIR pbar physics program. 3.) To deliver high-intensity heavy-ion beams for FAIR, the existing post-stripper linac should be replaced by a new high energy linac with short beam pulses, low pulse repetition rate, and fixed end energy. Conceptual design studies for the latter machine using 108 MHz IH-type drift tube structures will be presented, including a proposal to increase the ion charge states for synchrotron injection as well as a linac beam energy upgrade using 325 MHz CH structures.
	Slides WEC05 [6.013 MB]
THA01	Heavy Ion Superconducting Linacs: Status and Upgrade Projects	196
	P.N. Ostroumov ANL, Argonne, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. We observe that there is an increase in the demand, by the scientific community, for accelerated CW ion beams which can be efficiently provided by SC ion linacs. This demand can be categorized into two areas: existing and new facilities. Existing facilities are being refurbished and upgraded for higher energies and beam intensities. Several new projects are under development or construction worldwide. Recently, development of new SC ion linacs has started in China, Korea and Spain. In this talk I will briefly review both the upgrade and new SC ion linac projects with a primary focus on the advances in heavy-ion linac technologies achieved at ANL in connection with the efficiency and intensity upgrade of ATLAS.
	Slides THA01 [3.981 MB]
THA02	Overview of the RISP Superconducting Linac	197
	D. Jeon, Y. Chung, H.J. Kim, S.K. Kim IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea E.-S. Kim KNU, Deagu, Republic of Korea J.-W. Kim NCC, Korea, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea Y.Y. Lee BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) got launched December 2011 which consists of In-Flight Fragmentation Facility and ISOL facility, providing uniques research opportunities in broad range of sciences. The superonducting driver linac can accelerate up to 200 MeV/u for uranium beam and up to 600 MeV for proton beam. The ISOL post linac which is also a superconducting linac. Design parameters and choices are presented.
	Slides THA02 [3.085 MB]
THA03	Status and Upgrade Project of HIRFL	198
	G.Q. Xiao, Y. He, X. Ma, M.T. Song, J.W. Xia, H.S. Xu, J.C. Yang, Y.J. Yuan, H.W. Zhao, X. Zhou IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	Heavy Ion Research Facility at Lanzhou is a heavy ion accelerator complex for nuclear, atomic, and biology application research activities. It is the biggest heavy ion accelerator facility in China, consisting two cyclotrons in series as injector and two cooling storage rings (CSRm and CSRe) as main synclotron and experimental spectrum separately. The species from P to U were accelerated in the machine, And the maximum energy is 1 GeV/u for C. The experimetal teminals are on meterial, biology, canser therapy, SHE, RIB, mass measurement, inner target, and so on. To improve beam intensity and available beam time, a linear injectors SSC-LINAC were proposed in 2009. It consists a 4-rod RFQ and 4 IH-DTL tanks. The RFQ, IH-DTL, and 60 kW solid state amplifier for SSC-LINAC are tested priliminaryly. The operation status and progress of upgrade projects of HIRFL are presented in the paper.
	Slides THA03 [6.806 MB]
THB02	New Design for the SARAF Phase II Linac	206
	B. Mustapha, Z.A. Conway, M.P. Kelly, A. Kolomiets, S.V. Kutsaev, P.N. Ostroumov ANL, Argonne, USA J. Rodnizki Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
	Funding: This work was supported by the ANL WFO No. 85Y47. We have developed a new design for the 40 MeV/u - 5 mA proton/deuteron SARAF Phase-II Linac. It includes a RFQ, room-temperature bunchers and two types of SC cavities. The new design is based on highly optimized ring-shaped HWR structures operating at 176 MHz, the same frequency as the current SARAF Phase-I linac. We will first present the optimized design of all the components from the RFQ to the SC cavities, then the proposed linac layout, and finally the results of end-to-end beam dynamics simulations including machine errors, realistic corrections and beam loss analysis.
	Slides THB02 [2.634 MB]
THB04	Development of the Intensity and Quality of the Heavy Ion Beams at GSI	211
	L.A. Dahl, W.A. Barth, M.C. Bellachioma, L. Groening, O.K. Kester, M.M. Kirk, D. Ondreka, N. Pyka, P.J. Spiller, J. Stadlmann, H. Vormann, S.G. Yaramyshev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany L.H.J. Bozyk, Y. El-Hayek FIAS, Frankfurt am Main, Germany C. Xiao IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	For injection into the future FAIR SIS100 synchrotron the GSI linear accelerator UNILAC and synchrotron SIS18 have to provide 1.5·1011 p/spill for the reference U28+ beam. The MeVVa ion source extracts 37 emA of U4+ beam. For improved transmission the RFQ vanes were revised and exchanged. A new ion source terminal with straightforward beam injection into the RFQ is calculated and partly realized for loss free beam transport to the RFQ. To improve the quality of the space charge dominated beam in the DFFD periodic focussing Alvarez section a transverse 4th order resonance was investigated by simulations and experimentally. The multi turn beam injection into the SIS18 requires emittances below βγεx/βγεy=0.8/2.5 [μm]. This suggests introducing a new concept for emittance transfer by solenoidal stripping. A set-up for experimental proof of principle will be installed at the foil stripper. The SIS18 has been equipped with NEG-coated chambers for all magnets and the injection septum. Newly installed ion catchers improve especially the dynamic vacuum pressure. The effect on progress in beam quality development and intensity will be reported.
	Slides THB04 [9.809 MB]
THB05	The HITRAP Decelerator and Beam Instrumentation	217
	F. Herfurth, Z. Andjelkovic, W.A. Barth, K. Brantjes, G. Clemente, L.A. Dahl, S. Fedotova, P. Gerhard, M. Kaiser, O.K. Kester, H.J. Kluge, C. Kozhuharov, M.T. Maier, D. Neidherr, W. Quint, A. Reiter, T. Stöhlker, G. Vorobjev, S.G. Yaramyshev GSI, Darmstadt, Germany U. Ratzinger, A. Schempp IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	A linear decelerator is being commissioned for heavy, highly-charged ions (HCI) at GSI in Darmstadt/Germany. HCI with only one or few electrons are interesting systems for many different experiments as for instance precision tests of the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED). In order to transform heavy HCI produced at 400 MeV/u to stored and cooled HCI at low energy the linear decelerator facility HITRAP has been setup behind the experimental storage ring (ESR). The ions are decelerated in the ESR from 400 to 4 MeV/u, cooled and extracted. The ions are then matched to an IH-structure using a double drift buncher, decelerated from 4 to 0.5 MeV/u in the IH, and then down to 6 keV/u in a 4-rod RFQ. To detect and analyze the weak and sparse ion bunches a new type of energy analyzing detector has been developed along with improvements to other “standard” beam instrumentation. One million highly charged ions have been decelerated with the IH from 400 MeV/u to about 0.5 MeV/u per cycle. The RFQ has shown in off-line tests to decelerate ions, however, the measured acceptance does not fit the ion beam from the IH. This requires a refined design, which is underway.
	Slides THB05 [2.925 MB]