Radioactive Ion Beams and Facilities

Paper	Title	Page
MOA01	Frontier Technologies and Future Directions in High Intensity ISOL RIB Production	1
	P.G. Bricault, F. Ames, N. Bernier, M. Dombsky, P. Kunz, F.S. Labrecque, J. Lassen, A. Mjøs, M. Nozar, J. Wong TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	Funding: TRIUMF is funded by a contribution from the federal government through the National Research Council of Canada The future frontier of the ISOL technique is to increase the intensity of the RIB beams. In the ISOL technique there are several ways to increase substantially the production of rare isotope beam. The most expedient one is to increase the incident beam on target. Increasing the overall release efficiency and ionization efficiency are the other two easiest ways to increase the overall RIB intensity. Now with the TRIUMF/ISAC facility the ISOL RIB facility can operate routinely up to 50 kW, this is 100 μA on target. But, the driver beam intensity cannot increase without considering the radiation damage issues and the challenge to the ion source itself where ionization efficiency are dramatically affected by target out-gazing. The other technology challenge for the ISOL technique is the target material itself. The main concern is the capability of the target material to sustain high power density deposited by the driver beam. Refractory metals foil target are suitable but nevertheless very limited in the available species we can produce with those targets. Composite targets, either for carbide and oxide target material were developed at ISAC that can sustain very high power density.
	Slides MOA01 [3.651 MB]
MOB01	The FRIB Project – Accelerator Challenges and Progress	8
	J. Wei, E.C. Bernard, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, S. Chouhan, C. Compton, K.D. Davidson, A. Facco, P.E. Gibson, T . Glasmacher, L.L. Harle, K. Holland, M.J. Johnson, S. Jones, D. Leitner, M. Leitner, G. Machicoane, F. Marti, D. Morris, J.A. Nolen, J.P. Ozelis, S. Peng, J. Popielarski, L. Popielarski, E. Pozdeyev, T. Russo, K. Saito, R.C. Webber, J. Weisend, M. Williams, Y. Yamazaki, A. Zeller, Y. Zhang, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, USA D. Arenius, V. Ganni JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661 The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, a new national user facility funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science to be constructed and operated by MSU, is currently being designed to provide intense beams of rare isotopes to better understand the physics of nuclei, nuclear astrophysics, fundamental interactions, and applications for society. The FRIB driver linac can accelerate all stable isotopes to energies beyond 200 MeV/u at beam powers up to 400 kW. Key technical R&D programs include low-beta cw SRF cryomodules and highly efficient charge stripping using a liquid lithium film or helium gas. Physical challenges include acceleration of multiple charge states of beams to meet beam-on-target requirements, efficient production and acceleration of intense heavy-ion beams from low to intermediate energies, accommodation of multiple charge stripping scenarios and ion species, designs for both baseline in-flight fragmentation and ISOL upgrade options, and design considerations of machine availability, tunability, reliability, maintainability, and upgradability. We report on the FRIB accelerator design and developments with emphasis on technical challenges and progress.
	Slides MOB01 [4.891 MB]
MOB02	Design Study of In-flight Fragment Separator for Rare Isotope Science Project in Korea	20
	J.-W. Kim NCC, Korea, Kyonggi, Republic of Korea D.G. Kim, M. Kim, S.K. Kim, J. Song, C.C. Yun IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea W. Wan LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	A heavy-ion accelerator complex is being designed for rare isotope beam production utilizing both in-flight fragmentation and ISOL methods in Korea. The project had been planned with conceptual design efforts, and officially launched in January this year with full funding promised. The driver accelerator is a superconducting linac with a beam power of 400 kW. The uranium beam, which is a primary beam for projectile fragmentation, is to be accelerated to 200 MeV/u. The in-flight fragment separator can be divided into pre and main separators. The target system and beam dump to handle the full beam power are located in the front part of the pre-separator, and are being studied using various codes such as PHITS and ANSYS considering issues especially related to radiation damage and shielding. Beam optics design was performed in the previous conceptual study, and further optimization is under way. The separator will be composed of large aperture superconducting quadrupole magnets and conventional dipole magnets, and prototyping of the superconducting magnet is planned. The status of the design efforts will be presented.
	Slides MOB02 [2.856 MB]
MOB03	Design and Status of the Super Separator Spectrometer for the GANIL SPIRAL2 Project	23
	J.A. Nolen, S.L. Manikonda ANL, Argonne, USA M. Authier, A. Drouart, J. Payet CEA/DSM/IRFU, France O. Delferrière CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France J. Laune IPN, Orsay, France F. Lutton, H. Savajols, M. Souli, M.-H. Stodel GANIL, Caen, France
	Funding: This work is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Super Separator Spectrometer (S3) is a device designed for experiments with the very high intensity stable heavy ion beams of the superconducting linear accelerator of the SPIRAL2 Project at GANIL. S3 is designed to combine high acceptance, a high degree of primary beam rejection, and high mass resolving power to enable new opportunities in several physics domains, e.g. super-heavy and very-heavy nuclei, spectroscopy at and beyond the drip-line, isomers and ground state properties, multi-nucleon transfer and deep-inelastic reactions. The spectrometer comprises 8 large aperture multipole triplets (7 superconducting and 1 open-sided room temperature), 3 magnetic dipoles, and 1 electrostatic dipole arranged as a momentum achromat followed by a mass separator. A summary of the beam-optical simulations and the status of the main spectrometer components will be presented with special emphasis on the design of the superconducting multipole triplets.
	Slides MOB03 [2.745 MB]
MOB04	Argonne In-flight Radioactive Ion Separator	24
	S.L. Manikonda, M. Alcorta, B. Back, J.A. Nolen, R.C. Pardo, E. Rehm, G. Savard, D. Seweryniak ANL, Argonne, USA B. Erdelyi Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 The Argonne In-flight Radioactive Ion Separator (AIRIS) is a new large recoil separator that is being designed as a part of proposed future upgrade of the ATLAS facility to provide at least 10 times more collection efficiency than the existing system. In combination with other proposed upgrades it will provide a 2 orders of magnitude gain in the intensity for the in-flight produced secondary beams compared to the existing facility. The resulting unprecedented intensities for the recoil beam open new opportunities in several physics domains, e.g. gamma ray spectroscopy after secondary reactions, reactions for rp‐, νp‐, αp‐ processes and CNO cycle. The proposed design for the AIRIS device is based on four multipole magnets and four dipole magnets arranged in a so called broadband spectrometer configuration. This arrangement will be followed by two RF cavities to provide further selection based on velocity differences between the primary beam tail and the recoiling RIB. The advantages of such a design and key parameters will be discussed. We will demonstrate the performance of the device for few representative reaction cases that can be studied using AIRIS.
	Slides MOB04 [1.626 MB]
MOB05	Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities in Asia	28
	O. Kamigaito RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Japan
	Growing activities in the RIB facilities in Asian countries will be reviewed. Current status and future development will be discussed.
	Slides MOB05 [8.967 MB]
MOC01	Progress and Plans for High Mass Beam Delivery at TRIUMF	33
	M. Marchetto TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	ISAC is a TRIUMF facility for production and post-acceleration of radioactive ion beams (RIB). The RIBs are produced in two targets using a 500 MeV proton of up to 0.1 mA. The produced radioactive species are then ionized, extracted up to 60 kV, mass selected and transported to either the low energy experimental area or to the post-accelerators. The first stage of acceleration is accomplished via an RFQ followed by a DTL; at this medium stage the energy ranges between 0.15 MeV/u and 1.8 MeV/u for 3≤A/q≤7. The second stage of the acceleration uses a 40 MV superconducting linac for a final energy up to 18 MeV/u. High mass (>30) beams need multiple charges to be accepted by the RFQ. The single charge ions out of the target source are charge bred using an ECR charge state booster. The breeding process generates a significant amount of background contamination that masks the desired ions inside a mixed ”cocktail” beam. Such a cocktail needs to be cleaned of contaminants. An unprecedented effort is going on at TRIUMF trying to clean the high mass cocktail beams using the accelerator chain as filter. The progress and future plans of the project will be presented in this paper.
	Slides MOC01 [3.144 MB]
MOC02	Progress of the SPIRAL2 Project	40
	E. Petit GANIL, Caen, France
	The SPIRAL2 facility will extend the possibilities offered at GANIL to heavier radioactive beams, with much higher intensities : it will provide intense beams of neutron-rich exotic nuclei created by the ISOL production method. The extracted exotic beam will be used either in a new low energy experimental area called DESIR, or accelerated by the existing SPIRAL 1 cyclotron (CIME. The intense primary stable beams (deuterons, protons, light and heavy ions) will also be used at various energies for nuclear physics, as well as for neutron-based research and multi-disciplinary research, in dedicated caves called S3 and NFS. During year 2008, the decision has been taken to build the SPIRAL2 machine in two phases: - first phase including the driver accelerator and its associated new experimental areas (S3 and NFS caves), - second phase including the RIB production part, with the low energy RIB experimental hall called DESIR, and the connection to the GANIL existing facility for post-acceleration by the existing CIME cyclotron. The SPIRAL2 facility is now in its construction phase, with the objective of obtaining the first beams for physics during year 2014 with the first phase.
	Slides MOC02 [5.173 MB]
MOC03	Operational Considerations for Future Multi-user RIB Facilities	41
	A.C. Morton TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vancouver, Canada
	TRIUMF's ISAC is an ISOL-type RIB facility. RIB are produced in direct reactions of 480–500 MeV protons from TRIUMF's main cyclotron on thick targets in one of two production target stations. Like other such facilities, ISAC is only capable of serving a single RIB user at any given time, though simultaneous delivery of stable and radioactive beams to different experimental areas is possible. With the construction of ARIEL, the Advanced Rare-IsotopE Laboratory, ISAC will gain a second production front end. RIB will be produced by photofission on actinide targets using electrons from a new superconducting electron linac. This will give ISAC the ability to serve two RIB experiments concurrently with beams produced by different reaction mechanisms in separate target areas (with delivery of a third, stable, beam still possible). The shift from single-user to multi-user RIB operation will introduce significant new complexity to beam delivery, requiring new tools and techniques for beam time to be used efficiently. A first look at the potential operational requirements of a multi-user RIB facility will be discussed.
	Slides MOC03 [4.945 MB]
MOC04	Commissioning Experience with CARIBU	45
	R.C. Vondrasek, S.I. Baker, P. Bertone, S. Caldwell, J.A. Clark, C.N. Davids, D. Lascar, A. Levand, K. Lister, R.C. Pardo, D. Peterson, D.R. Phillips, G. Savard, J.V. Schelt, M.G. Sternberg, T. Sun, B. Zabransky ANL, Argonne, USA
	The Californium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade (CARIBU) of the ATLAS superconducting linac facility aims at providing low-energy and reaccelerated neutron-rich radioactive beams to address key nuclear physics and astrophysics questions. These beams are obtained from fission fragments of a Cf-252 source, thermalized and collected into a low-energy particle beam by a helium gas catcher, mass analyzed by an isobar separator, and charge bred with an ECR ion source to higher charge states for acceleration in ATLAS. Low-energy mass separated radioactive beams have been extracted, charge bred with a 10% efficiency, reaccelerated to 6 MeV/u, and delivered to GAMMASPHERE for beta decay studies. In addition, the Canadian Penning Trap (CPT) mass spectrometer has been relocated to the CARIBU low-energy beam line. Mass measurements on over 42 neutron rich nuclei have already been performed and additional measurements are underway. In addition, a new tape station for beta decay studies has just been commissioned. In this talk I will describe the current status of the overall CARIBU system and the plans for bringing the system into full operation and use in research with accelerated beams.
	Slides MOC04 [3.744 MB]
PO02	GANIL Operation Status and Upgrade of SPIRAL1	51
	F. Chautard, O. Bajeat, P. Delahaye, M. Dubois, P. Jardin, O. Kamalou, L. Maunoury, G. Sénécal GANIL, Caen, France
	The GANIL facility (Caen, France) is dedicated to the acceleration of heavy ion beams for nuclear physics, atomic physics, radiobiology and material irradiation. The production of stable and radioactive ion beams for nuclear physics studies represents the main part of the activity. The exotic beams are produced by the Isotope Separation On-Line method (ISOL, the SPIRAL1 facility) with SPIRAL1 facility. It is running since 2001, producing and post-accelerating radioactive ion beams. The review of the operation from 2001 to 2011 is presented. Because of the physicist demands, the facility is about to be improved with the project Upgrade SPIRAL1. The goal of the project is to extend the range of post-accelerated exotic beams avalaible.
PO03	The RIB Dynamics of the SPIRAL 2 Transfer Line	54
	D. Boutin, F.R. Osswald IPHC, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France N.Yu. Kazarinov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia C. Peaucelle IN2P3 IPNL, Villeurbanne, France T. Thuillier LPSC, Grenoble, France
	The design of the SPIRAL 2 RIB extraction and mass analysis results of previous experiences at Ganil (SIRa) and SPIRAL* and concerns the ISOL process. The layout presents different beam sections of optical interest starting with a conventional Einzel lens, a 1 T solenoid, a triplet of magnetic quadrupoles and a magnetic dipole for the mass analysis. The down-stream 1+ ions transfer line to the users is designed following a conservative solution composed of emittance limitation, homothetic betatron matching, passive and symmetrical optical lattices (point to point and unitary transport) as well as beam instrumentation enabling the control of the losses (pepperpots, slits, beam profilers, FC, etc.). The presentation will mainly focus on the description of the beam line, its characteristics and on some side effects which have to be taken into account in order to match the beam properly during the operations. * On Line Isotopic Separator Test Benches at GANIL, R. Anne et al., PAC proceed. ed. IEEE, 1993
TUC01	Physical Design of the SPES Facility	136
	M. Comunian INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) is the Italian project for a radioactive ion beam (RIB) facility based on a cyclotron as primary accelerator and on the existing superconducting linac ALPI as post accelerator. The cyclotron, energy up to 70 MeV and total current of 0.75 mA, shared on two exits, is in construction in the industry. The production of neutron-rich radioactive nuclei, with ISOL technique, employs the proton induced fission on a direct target of UCx; the fission rate expected with a proton beam of 40 MeV and 0.2 mA, is 1013 fissions/s. The main goal of physical design of the SPES facility is to provide an accelerator system to perform forefront research in nuclear physics by studying nuclei far from stability, in particular neutron-rich radioactive nuclei with masses in the range of 80–160. The final RIB energy on the experimental target will be up to 11 MeV/A for A = 130, with an intensity in the range of 107–109 pps.
	Slides TUC01 [5.313 MB]
TUC04	Experiences and Lessons Learned at CARIBU with an Open 252Cf Source	155
	S.I. Baker, J.P. Greene, A. Levand, R.C. Pardo, G. Savard, R.C. Vondrasek, L.W. Weber ANL, Argonne, USA
	Funding: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The CARIBU (the CAlifornium Rare Ion Breeder Upgrade) project at ATLAS is based on the creation of beams of neutron-rich nuclei produced as fission fragments from the 3% fission branch that occurs naturally in the decay of Cf-252. These fission fragments are thermalized in ultrapure helium gas and turned into a charged beam for use by the ATLAS accelerator or ‘stopped’ beam experiments. This requires a very thin source, electroplated on a stainless steel or platinum backing so that the fission fragments escape into the helium gas and are efficiently thermalized and collected into an ion beam. The information learned from the successive use of two sources with strengths of 2 mCi and 100 mCi has now prepared us for the installation in mid-summer of a 500 mCi source recently produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This paper will describe the radiological monitoring system and our experience with the two weak “open” sources which have exercised and tested our radiological controls, emissions monitors, and procedures for the CARIBU facility and the source transfer area.
	Slides TUC04 [1.605 MB]
WEC02	Status of the HIE-ISOLDE Project at CERN	175
	Y. Kadi, A.P. Bernardes, Y. Blumenfeld, E. Bravin, S. Calatroni, R. Catherall, M.A. Fraser, B. Goddard, D. Parchet, E. Siesling, G. Vandoni, W. Venturini Delsolaro, D. Voulot, L.R. Williams CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The HIE-ISOLDE project represents a major upgrade of the ISOLDE facility with a mandate to significantly improve the quality and increase the intensity and energy of radioactive nuclear beams produced at CERN. The project will expand the experimental nuclear physics programme at ISOLDE by focusing on an upgrade of the existing REX linac with a 40 MV superconducting linac comprising thirty-two niobium-on-copper sputter-coated quarter-wave resonators housed in six cryomodules. The new linac will raise the energy of post-accelerated beams from 3 MeV/u to over 10 MeV/u. The upgrade will be staged to first deliver beam energies of 5.5 MeV/u using two high-β cryomodules placed downstream of REX, before the energy variable section of the existing linac is replaced with two low-β cryomodules and two additional high-β cryomodules are installed to attain over 10 MeV/u with full energy variability from as low as 0.45 MeV/u. An overview of the project including a status summary of the different R&D activities and the schedule will be given here.
	Slides WEC02 [19.513 MB]